A 1984 proctoscopic examination disclosed a small polyp in Reagan’s colon. Biopsy showed it was benign. In March 1985, another polyp was found, as were trace amounts of blood in his stool. A change in Reagan’s diet eliminated the blood. He underwent endoscopic removal of the polyp and colonoscopy on July 12, 1985, at Bethesda Naval Medical Center. The colonoscopy disclosed a second, more dangerous tumor — a villous adenoma — that could only be removed by surgery.
The right-sided portion of Reagan’s colon was removed — about 2 feet of length. Exploration of other abdominal structures found no spread of the cancer. The tumor was ultimately classified as a “Duke’s B,” meaning it had invaded the muscle of the colon, but was confined to the bowel wall. After his surgery, Reagan’s doctors warned him that cancer cells might spread to his liver and other organs.
His wife, Nancy, persuaded him to undergo laetrile treatments. Learning of a reputable alternative provider who worked with laetrile through his close friend, future Oregon Senator Mark O. Hatfield, Reagan received daily IV laetrile treatments in the Oval Office over the next thirteen months.
Later, Ronald Reagan secretly went to Germany and consulted Germany’s leading cancer doctor—Hans Nieper, MD. It would have been front page news if it had not been hushed up at that time. (It is not the scope of this article to discuss how Dr Hans Nieper treated Reagan although it is believed to be Carnivora, an extract of the Venus Fly Trap plant).
What is the evidence?
Available scientific evidence does not support the health claims made for Venus flytrap extract. Plumbagin, a substance found in many plants, is thought to be the active ingredient in the Venus flytrap. The plant also contains other compounds such as flavonoids, acids, and enzymes (digestive proteins).
Most of the studies done on the herbal extract were conducted by the physician who patented the drug Carnivora, who also has a large financial stake in a clinic that administers the drug and in the company that manufactures the drug.
An animal study conducted in India to study the effects of plumbagin (taken from the Indian medicinal plant Plumbago rosea) combined with radiation therapy was inconclusive. A second animal study in India found that plumbagin demonstrated a small degree of antitumor activity. The results of several other studies from India were positive but inconclusive. A laboratory study in Japan indicated that plumbagin had some effect against intestinal tumors, and other laboratory studies show that plumbagin can induce cell death Although animal and laboratory studies show promise, further studies are necessary to determine whether the results apply to humans. It is important to remember that purified compounds such as plumbagin are not the same as the fresh plant extract, and study results would not be likely to show the same effects.
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