Medically provided nutrition and hydration is not necessarily innocuous. Potential side effects of tube feeding include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, esophageal perforation, and infiltration of formula into the lung. An intravenous infusion can cause infection, phlebitis, and electrolyte imbalances. In a dying patient with inadequate or absent renal function, supplying intravenous fluids may precipitate peripheral or pulmonary edema and increase the need for suctioning.
Decisions about nutrition and hydration should be based primarily on the potential burdens vs the potential benefits and the potential effects on the patient’s goals and outcomes. Goals of care may change during the course of illness; the physician needs to negotiate goals and priorities of care with the patient or surrogate on a continuing basis.
Many people assume that death from starvation or dehydration is painful. However, numerous case reports demonstrate that forgoing nutrition and hydration near the end of life leads to greater patient comfort, while providing it may increase edema, secretions, and
dyspnea. Ellershaw et al18 showed that dry mouth, thirst, and increased secretions in dying patients were unrelated to their level of hydration.
Being knowledgeable about end of life issues and medical options is a powerful tool for a person. It is so important to have lifelong and ongoing planning about financial matters (will, trusts, deeds, etc) and medical choices (medical power of attorney, etc), and to get the paperwork in order ... especially when there is a serious illness involved. Even with all that done, there can be times when "cost" comes between a patient and care. For patients who have a strong advocate, that can help shift the direction of care. But what about folks who are "on their own", sick, and without a supportive advocate on hand?rp1954 wrote:3rd party payers interfere with our decisions, and health institutions use 3rd party payers and "standard of care" as an excuse/abuse to attempt to wield control over patients and their caregivers, even in the face of grim object reality. Trends in insurance, regulation and government indicate that this problem will get worse before better.
rp1954 wrote:3rd party payers interfere with our decisions, and health institutions use 3rd party payers and "standard of care" as an excuse/abuse to attempt to wield control over patients and their caregivers, even in the face of grim object reality. Trends in insurance, regulation and government indicate that this problem will get worse before better.
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